雅思口语每个季度都会考察人物类话题，不仅要求对各种各样的人进行描述，还要同学们讨论相关的内容。今天我们就通过一个素材来学习下有关人物表达。有些同学可能会觉得这个视频有点难，但其中的内容可以直接用在考试过程中，只需要进行微小的内容调整，一起来学习吧。
1、By setting a single goal, Socrates changed the quality of his entire life and altered the course of history.
His goal had been to “do no evil”, but before I can explain why it was so powerful, I need to build a framework for understanding goals.
通过设定一个目标，苏格拉底改变了自己的生活质量，改变了历史进程。
他的目标就是“不作恶”，在我视这个目标为威力如此之大的原因之前，我需要建立一个理解目标的框架。
这里“设定计划”是在考试中可以直接使用的点，这一季在Part 2的skill考题中就可以直接使用。或者同学们在引入具有“非常重要的信息”时，也可以使用对应的表达。
词语表达
√ alter verb -可以直接用来替换出现频率非常高的change
to change something, usually slightly,
or to cause the characteristics of something to change
（通常指轻微地）改动，修改；改变，（使）变化
We've had to alter some of our plans.
我们不得不对一些计划作了改动。
Although the cost of making phone calls is going up, the charge for connecting to the internet will not alter.
尽管话费上涨了，上网费不会变。
Giving up our car has radically altered our lifestyle.
弃车不用使我们的生活方式发生了根本性的变化。
2、But how did this goal affect Socrates’s character?
Socrates believed evil came from ignorance, so he spent his life searching for wisdom.
He travelled around Athens, conversing with people, asking them questions about piety, justice, and other virtues.
When he received an answer, he often probed deeper into it. He tried to see if the answers could stand up so scrutiny, and he often found that they didn’t. Upon closed inspection, most answers fell apart, and Socrates showed people they were bit as wise as they thought they were.
But by engaging in this philosophical process, he tried to make himself and other less ignorant, less evil and wiser.But many Athenians had pursued quadrant I goals, such as money, fame, and status, they didn’t like being shown their own ignorance, and they wanted to get rid of him.
这个目标是如何影响苏格拉底的品格呢？
苏格拉底认为邪恶源于无知，因此他毕生都在寻找智慧。他周游雅典，与人们交谈，向他们询问关于虔诚、正义和其他美德的问题。当他得到人们的答案时，他常常会深入探究。他想要看看答案是否经得起推敲，他发现结果通常都是否定的。
经过仔细推敲，大多数答案都站不住脚，苏格拉底告诉人们，他么并没有自己以为的那么聪明。不过，通过参与这一哲学过程，他试着让自己和他人减少一点无知和邪恶，增加一些智慧。但很多雅典人追求的是象限的目标，比如金钱，名望和地位，他们不愿意让人看出自己的无知，想要除掉苏格拉底。
点拨
这里的一整组内容可以直接被用来进行人物类的描述。
虽然是苏格拉底的生平，但因为内容抽象，也可以直接用在其他名人身上。
词语表达
√ Probe verb
to try to discover information that other people do not want you to know, by asking questions carefully and not directly 盘问；追问；探究
The interviewer probed deep into her private life.
采访者深入地打探她的私生活。
Detectives questioned him for hours, probing for any inconsistencies in his story.
侦探们盘问了他好几个小时，寻找他话里任何自相矛盾的地方。
The article probes (= tries to describe and explain) the mysteries of nationalism in modern Europe.
这篇文章探索了现代欧洲民族主义的奥秘。
√ Scrutiny noun
the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it 细看，仔细审查
The government's record will be subjected to/come under (close) scrutiny in the weeks before the election.
政府的所为将在选举前的几个星期接受审查。
√ fall apart
① to break into pieces 破碎；散架
My poor old boots are falling apart.
我可怜的旧靴子快散架了。
② If an organization, system, or agreement falls apart, it fails or stops working effectively. 破裂；解体，瓦解
The deal fell apart because of a lack of financing.
由于缺乏资金，这笔交易告吹了。
③ in the usual way（感情）崩溃，垮掉
After his wife died, he began to fall apart.
妻子过世后，他精神开始垮掉。
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