我们知道,在雅思task 1 的写作任务中有线形图(the line char),条形图(the bar chart),饼图(the pie chart),表格(the table),流程图(the diagram)和地图(the map).但是无论是什么类型的图,我们的写作任务的要求都是一样的:
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.
这其中有一条是要求我们在”相关的地方做比较”。
但是当我们在比较的时候,容易出现不对等相比较。
如:当表达”鸡肉的消耗在1980超过了羊肉消耗的和1989年超过了牛肉的消耗”。
有些学生会出现如下错误表达:
The consumption of chicken overtook lamb in 1980 and beef in 1989.
正确的表达方式是:
The consumption of chicken overtook that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.(Source:Cambridge English IELTS 7. P164 )
在这样的比较句子中,“that”就可以代替名词单数或者说不可数名词,在这里代替了the consumption。同样的,如果是代替复数名词我们可以用”those”。
举个例子
Households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of children. ——Source:Cambridge English IELTS 4. P162
这种情况下,those 就是指代的households,不仅避免了不对等的错误比较,还避免地重复,一举两得,写出带有比较高分的句子。
接下来,我们来看看“this” 一直被大家忽略的强大用处。
Pronouns are used to refer to nouns that have already been mentioned.Using pronouns helps you avoid repetition,connects your sentences together and makes your writing more fluent.Source: 胡敏雅思教材第7代雅思写作基础版
“This” 作为代词之一,它可以指代前面一句话的意思,避免重复和多次同义替换词穷的困扰,也可以让句子之间练习更佳紧密,让我们的作文读起来更加流畅。
举例如下
You can use this to refer to whole ideas:
The number of wealthy people is increasing in some parts of the world.This is good for the economy.(This=The number of wealthy people is increasing in some parts of the world)
在我们雅思作文task 2 中的高分范文中this的用法非常常见:
Poor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and l think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.(Source:Cambridge English IELTS 4. P 169)
这里的“this”指的就是前面一话poor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem.
小 结:
我们可以使用 this / these + noun 总结前一话的意思,可以让句子之间练习更佳紧密,让我们的作文读起来更加流畅,也为我们的评分“连贯与衔接”(CC)部分提高分数。因为这样的衔接方式的特点是虽然不能引起人们的注意,但是句子之间的联系却很紧密:
People who have a negative attitude to life can be very unhappy. This problem can affect everyone.
Taxes have increased, salaries have been cut and food prices have risen. These factors have led to a drop in living standards across the region.Source: 胡敏雅思教材第7代雅思写作基础版
因为这样的衔接方式的不想句有具体的连词或者副词那样那么明显和直接,this起到的衔接方式是虽然不能引起人们的注意,但是句子之间意思的联系却很紧密。而这种说法也符合雅思官方CC部分高分评分标准。
Coherence and Cohesion
Uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention
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