如何理清雅思阅读判断题之间的因果关系?如何掌握雅思阅读试题的评判规则?许多学生经常被雅思阅读中的判断题迷惑。原因在于他们不能把握判断题的本质和思维。今天,让我们和编辑一起找出如何澄清雅思阅读判断~
因果关系的表达主要有:
因为:because / since / as / why / reason / be responsible for
所以:so / therefore / thus / hence / thereby / as a result / consequently
由于:because of = due to = thanks to = owing to = result from
导致:cause / lead to / result in / give rise to / contribute to / trigger
特殊:source / from (stem from)
如果判断题题干出现因果关系,那么应该用结果来定位,考点是原因,换言之,结果一定在文中出现,需要判定的是原因是否符合原文。
例1:C7T1P2 (T/F/NG)
Q: Feeding increasing population is possible due primarily to improved irrigation system.
P: Food production has kept pace with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation system.
在这个题目中,我们可以看到考官考察因果关系,那么我们应该用结果feeding increasing population来定位,回到原文找到food production, soaring population,然后看题干原因和原文原因是否对应得上。
显然,题干原因improved irrigation system和原文原因expansion of irrigation system完全对应,所以此题应为True.
核心单词
feed = food production
increasing = soaring
due to = because of
primarily = mainly
improved = expansion
artificial adj.人造的= synthetic
例2:C11T1P1 (T/F/NG)
Q: Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.
P: At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.
此题难度颇大。定位词应该是结果destruction to land,然而在原文中被换成了15% of that has been laid waste。句中说,现在整个世界,超过80%得土地是适合种植庄稼的。但是这些土地中的15%已经被荒废掉了。
第二句中的that指代句中的land。Waste我们常见的意思是浪费,这里指荒废,相当于破坏destruction。
而题目中的human beings替换成了management,因为只有人类才能实施管理。by在这里的用法相当于由于,等于题目中的be responsible for。所以此题答案是true。
核心单词
human beings = management
be responsible for = by
destruction = waste
land = that指代
实际上,在因果关系的考察中,答案是False及Not Given的概率比较大,我们来看看真题是怎么考察的。首先记住一句口诀:一因一果是False,多因一果选NG.
雅思阅读判断题的常见规律有:
规律一:原文准确改写,答案选TRUE
规律二:原文准确改写一部分,其余是原文的相反,答案选FALSE
规律三:原文准确改写一部分,其余要么原文没有相关信息,要么和原文内容只是形似
雅思阅读判断题改写的常见固定方法:
方法一:特殊名词,譬如说人名,地名,日期,一般不改,如果改了,一般答案就是FALSE
方法二:很难找替换的词一般不会换,譬如说children, parents等等
方法三:普通单词一般都会直接替换,或者改写
譬如说剑12的82页第9、10、11题:
第9题:
In 1887, HM Ashleyhad the fastest bottle-producing machine that existed at the time.
预测1:1887, HM ASHLEY不改写
预测2:machine很难替换,不改写
预测3:fast普通单词,可能会改写,譬如说quick, efficient等。
原文:from1887 onwards, …..HM Ashley introduced a machine capable of producing 200 bottles per hour, …..more than three times quickerthan any previous production method.
答案:选True。
你会发现原文就是题目的改写,符合我们的预测。
第10题:
Michael Owenswas hiredby a large US companyto designa fully-automatedbottle manufacturing machine for them.
预测1:Michael Owens不改写
预测2:fully-automated不改写
预测3:hired, a large US company, design会有相应的改写或者替换
原文:The first fully automated machine was developed in the USA by Michael Owens-founder of….
答案:FALSE
题目说的是hired,原文如果是recruited,就是TRUE,而原文是founder,信息相反,所以FALSE.
第11题:
Nowadays, most glassis produced by large international manufacturers.
预测1:glass不改写
预测2:nowadays可能改写,譬如说today, currently, now等
预测3:international manufacturers可能改写,例如:multinational producers,
corporations等等
原文:Today, glass …..it has become a …..operating in …..global market.
答案:Not given
原文只是改写了一部分,而另外一部分原文有形似的信息,譬如说global,但是没有说manufacturers。
希望这些具体的案例研究能帮助你尽快掌握这些雅思阅读判断题的技巧。~我祝愿大家在准备考试和屠鸭方面取得成功~