英文修辞的艺术在于准确拿捏“准确性”与“简洁性”之间的平衡点。比较级的句型基本上会牵涉到两个叙述,中间经由一个重复点来进行比较。为顾及简洁性,重复部分经常要省略。然而可以省略到什么地步而不会伤害清楚性,就颇多讲究了。同时,基于清楚性的要求,比较级的句型严格要求相关词组不得混用,而且在平行对称方面也丝毫不能马虎。因此雅思写作比较级的句型变化可说相当复杂,也很容易出错。以下分成几个重点,新航道小编就以错误分析的方式来探讨比较的句型变换。
相关字组:
在比较级的句型中,某些字一定要配合特定的字眼使用,才能清楚表示比较的功能。例如:
例1状况一:
X错:Without a clear incentive, a manager is five times more likely to stick to an old policy as to switch to a new one.
比较级more的相关字组是than,用来表示“大于”。As的相关字组是as,用来表示“等于“。如果加上倍数,像是five times as likely... as,则表示前者的可能性是后者的五倍。上面这个句子错在以连接词as来配合more likely使用,这是相关字组的无用,应改为:
√ :Without a clear incentive, a manager is five times more likely to stick to an old policy than to switch to a new one.
02状况二:
X错:The collapse of the currencies of various Asian countries was attributable not so much to raids by speculators like George Soros but rather it was to irresponsible monetary policies of those countries.
这个句子的错误也是两套字组的混用。Not A but B这个相关字组是完全否定A,只留下B。另外一个相关字组not so much A as B则是比较级,表示A的程度较浅,不及B(not so as 即是as.. as的否定表示)。上面这个例句中以not so much配合but rather使用,即是搞混了这两套相关字组,应该为:
√ The collapse of the currencies of various Asian countries was attributable not so much to raids by speculators like George Soros as to irresponsible monetary policies of those countries.
03状况三:
X错:Chinese is as difficult or more difficult to learn than English.
这个句子中的More difficult后面有相关字组than配合,可as difficult的后面则必须有相关字组as配合,不能用than取代将省略的部分还原,以估计相关字组的要求,即成为:
√ Chinese is as difficult or more difficult to learn as English.
只留下一个as... as的比较级,用精简的文字表达出相同的意思,这是修辞要求的作法。
准确多样的句法语法是雅思官方对于考生的雅思写作要求,特别对于强化6.5+的同学来说,语言需要更加精进了。
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