GMAT 2020 OG新题解析！！

One might expect that within a particular species, any individuals that managed to slow down the aging process would leave more offspring. Natural selection should therefore favor extreme longevity-but this does not seem to be the case. A possible explanation is that aging is a product of the inevitable wear and tear of living, similar to how household appliances generally accumulate faults that lead to their eventual demise. However, most researchers do not find this analogy satisfactory as an explanation.

关于GMAT题干解析

有人可能会认为，在一个物种中，能够延缓衰老的个体将留下更多的后代。

因此自然选择应当是最偏爱寿命最长的个体——但实际上并不是如此。

一个可能的解释是变老是不可避免的，正如同家用电器用久了会产生故障，最终会完全坏掉。

然而，大部分的研究者却并不认为这个解释是一个令人满意的类比。

做题思路：

问题是让我们找出研究者回应的理由，因此这道题的答案必然是关于到生物物种和家用电器间的不可比性。

Which of the following would, if true, provide the strongest explanation for the researchers' reaction?

A. Some organisms are capable of living much longer than other organisms.

【没有涉及到生物体和电器的不同，无关项，排除。】

B. Some organisms reproduce very quickly despite having short lifespans.

【未提到电器和生物体的不同，排除。】

C. There are several ways of defining "extreme longevity," and according to some definitions it occurs frequently.

【无关项，排除。】

D. Organisms are capable of maintenance and self-repair and can remedy much of the damage that they accumulate.

【生物体能够自我维护和自我修理，以及能够修复大部分的损伤。电器不能自我修复，而生物体却可以，这说明生物体和电器之间不存在类比关系，因此为正确答案。】

E. Some organisms generate much more wear and tear on their bodies than others.

【无关项，排除。】

题号： CR704<evaluate>

For the period from the eighth century through the eleventh century, the shifting boundaries between Kingdom F and Kingdom G have not been well charted. Although a certain village in a border region between the two kingdoms usually belonged to Kingdom G, ninth-century artifacts found in the village were in the typical Kingdom F style of that time. It is unclear whether the village was actually a part of Kingdom F in the ninth century or whether it was a part of Kingdom G but had merely adopted Kingdom F's artistic styles under Kingdom F's cultural influence.

题干分析：

在18世纪－11世纪之间，F和G国不断变化的边境线并没有被完好地绘制出来。

虽然在两国边境线上的一个小村庄通常归属于G国，但是在当地挖掘出的一些9世纪的工艺品却是当时F国的风格。

因此，这很难确定该村庄在9世纪时究竟是从属于F国还是G国（仅仅是因为受到了F 国的文化影响，所以采用了F国的艺术风格）。

做题思路：

问题是要求我们选出一个答案能帮我们确定该村庄在9世纪究竟是属于F国还是G国，因此答案需要与该村庄的归属相关。

Which of the following would, if found in ninth-century sites in the village, best help in determining whether the village was a part of Kingdom F or Kingdom G in the ninth century?

A. A trading contract written in the Kingdom G dialect

【与方言相关，但是这个并不能确定其在行政区域的归属，故排除。】

B. A drawing of a dwelling complex known to have existed on the border of Kingdom F and Kingdom G in the ninth century

【我们并不知道绘图上的居民区是属于哪个国家的建筑风格，故排除。】

C. Knives and other utensils made from metal typical of ninth-century mining sites in Kingdom F

【跟文中的工艺品一样，小刀和用具也可能会受到其它国家的文化影响，因此不能用来确定该村庄的行政区域归属，故排除。】

D. Some fragments of pottery made in the Kingdom G style from the seventh century out of materials only found in Kingdom F

【时间不匹配，无关项，故排除。】

E. Numerous teeth from the ninth century with a chemical signature typical only of teeth from people who had grown up in the heart of Kingdom F

【该选项通过引出牙齿中化学特征这一信息，说明庄在9世纪时，该村庄里的很多人来都自于F国的中心区域，因此增加了F国管制当地的可能性，故为正确答案。】